Understanding AC Joint Separation
What patients commonly notice
Injury to the joint at the top of the shoulder can cause local pain, swelling and a visible prominence. The exact pattern and severity can vary, so a clinical assessment is important before deciding on treatment.
Common symptoms
- Pain and swelling over the top of the shoulder
- A visible bump or step
- Pain when bringing the arm across the body
Causes and risk factors
There may be more than one contributing factor. Common possibilities include:
- A fall directly onto the shoulder
- Contact sport or cycling injury
- Damage to the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments
How is ac joint separation assessed?
Assessment usually considers pain, strength, stability and both active and passive shoulder movement. X-rays, ultrasound or MRI may be requested when they will help clarify the diagnosis or guide treatment.
Treatment options
Treatment is matched to the diagnosis, symptom severity, general health and the activities you need to return to. Options may include:
- Sling support, pain control and early guided movement
- Rehabilitation as symptoms settle
- Surgical reconstruction for selected severe or persistently symptomatic injuries
Surgery is not automatically the first step. When it is considered, the likely benefit, alternatives and recovery requirements should be discussed clearly.
Common questions
Will the bump over my shoulder go away?
The prominence may remain even when pain and function improve. Its appearance alone does not mean the shoulder is weak or that surgery is required.
How long will I need a sling after an AC-joint separation?
A sling is generally used for comfort for a limited period, depending on injury severity. Guided movement is introduced as pain settles to reduce stiffness and restore function.
Which AC-joint separations need surgery?
Most lower-grade injuries are treated without surgery. Reconstruction may be considered for selected severe injuries or when persistent pain and dysfunction remain after rehabilitation.
This page provides general patient information and does not replace a consultation or personalised medical advice.