Understanding Meniscus Tear
What patients commonly notice
A tear in the knee’s shock-absorbing cartilage may cause pain, swelling, catching or locking. The exact pattern and severity can vary, so a clinical assessment is important before deciding on treatment.
Common symptoms
- Joint-line pain and swelling
- Catching, clicking or true locking
- Pain with twisting, squatting or deep flexion
Causes and risk factors
There may be more than one contributing factor. Common possibilities include:
- A twisting sports injury
- Degenerative weakening of the meniscus
- Associated ligament injury or knee arthritis
How is meniscus tear assessed?
Assessment usually includes the pattern of pain or instability, examination of movement, swelling, alignment and ligament stability, and appropriate imaging. The findings are interpreted alongside your activity level and goals.
Treatment options
Treatment is matched to the diagnosis, symptom severity, general health and the activities you need to return to. Options may include:
- Activity modification and rehabilitation for stable tears
- Medication and swelling control when appropriate
- Arthroscopy for selected symptomatic or displaced tears
Surgery is not automatically the first step. When it is considered, the likely benefit, alternatives and recovery requirements should be discussed clearly.
Common questions
Can a torn meniscus heal on its own?
Some tears near the outer blood supply can heal, while inner-zone and degenerative tears are less likely to reattach. Many patients can still improve without surgery if the knee is not persistently locked.
Do I always need an MRI for a meniscus tear?
Not always. The history and examination may be sufficient initially, and X-rays can identify arthritis. MRI is most useful when the diagnosis is uncertain or when surgery is being considered.
When is arthroscopy helpful for a meniscus tear?
It is most often considered for a displaced tear causing true locking, a repairable acute tear, or persistent mechanical symptoms despite rehabilitation. Degenerative tears with arthritis frequently improve without arthroscopy.
This page provides general patient information and does not replace a consultation or personalised medical advice.