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Spine Conditions
Herniated Disc
Overview
These discs, filled with a jelly-like substance, are a source of relief. They are located between the vertebrae, absorbing shock and facilitating seamless flexibility and movement. Most importantly, they protect the spinal cord and prevent the painful friction of bone-on-bone contact.
A herniated disc, a condition in which the jelly-like interior of the disc (nucleus pulposus) breaks through its tough outer casing (annulus fibrosus), is a common occurrence. It can develop anywhere along the spine, but it's particularly prevalent in the lower back, often resulting in pain, weakness, and numbness.
Symptoms
Most herniated discs primarily affect the lower back, but they can also impact the neck. It's important to note that symptoms can vary significantly in each case, depending on the location of the herniated disc and its severity, such as whether it’s pressing against a nerve. This variability means you should be prepared for a range of potential symptoms.
It's important to recognize and report these symptoms to your healthcare specialist. Typical signs include the following:
- If the herniated disc is in the lower back, you may experience pain in the buttocks, lower part of the back, calf and thigh.
- If the problematic disc appears in the neck area, you may develop pain in the arm or shoulder.
- The impact of the herniated disc on the nerves, due to compression or pressure, affects these sensitive regions and causes a tingling or numb sensation.
- Muscle weakness
Causes
Disc herniation, a degenerative disease, develops with age when the health of the spinal discs begins to decline. As a result of age, the discs become inflexible and are, therefore, at a higher risk of rupture, even with a slight twist or strain.
Possible risk factors include the following:
- Increased weight can place further strain on the discs
- Physically-intense occupations
- Smoking
- Sedentary lifestyle
Herniated Disc FAQ:
When should I see a doctor if I suspect a herniated disc?
It's important to see a doctor if you experience back or neck pain that spreads to the arms or legs, accompanied by numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness. Early evaluation helps prevent worsening symptoms and allows timely management.
How do I know I need surgery for a herniated disc?
Surgery is usually considered when conservative treatments (rest, physiotherapy, medication) fail to relieve symptoms. You may need surgery if:
- Pain persists despite several weeks or months of non-surgical treatment.
- You have progressive weakness, numbness, or loss of function in the arms or legs.
- There is bladder or bowel dysfunction, which is a medical emergency.
An orthopaedic surgeon will evaluate your symptoms, imaging results, and overall health to determine if surgery is the best option.
Are there conservative treatments for a herniated disc?
The first line of treatment consists of:
- Pain management
- Physical therapy
- Epidural steroid injections (only temporary)
- Activity adjustments
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